Magneto-rheology control of cementitious materials: principles, current status, and opportunities

Abstract

Magneto-rheology control, an advanced active rheology control (ARC) technique, is achieved by applying an external magnetic field to a cementitious mixture with responsive additives. It is a promising method to address the contradicting rheological requirements of cementitious materials during the placing process, enabling the development of smart and reliable concrete structures. This article reviews recent advances in magneto-rheology control for cementitious materials. The fundamental principles of magnetic particle movement and cluster formation in cementitious suspensions are first examined. Afterwards, the typical magneto-rheological responses and the key factors influencing the responsive behaviors are discussed. Finally, the potential applications and challenges of this technology in modern construction practices, including smart casting process, 3D/4D concrete printing, and the development of sustainable and multifunctional concrete, are provided.